{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "adjustable-sphere",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Create, update and delete files and directories"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "continental-feelings",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Creates a new directory `test` and then checks this with `ls`:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "powered-lesbian",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.453457Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.452977Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.587064Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.585611Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.453423Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!mkdir tests"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "bigger-check",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.588572Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.588376Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.716534Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.715226Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.588548Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "create-delete.ipynb           length.txt\n",
      "create-delete.ipynb.license   pipes-filters.ipynb\n",
      "file-system.ipynb             pipes-filters.ipynb.license\n",
      "file-system.ipynb.license     shell-variables.ipynb\n",
      "grep-find.ipynb               shell-variables.ipynb.license\n",
      "grep-find.ipynb.license       sorted-length.txt\n",
      "index.rst                     \u001b[34mtests\u001b[m\u001b[m\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "baking-nebraska",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Then we create the file `test_file.txt` in this directory."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "white-render",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.719198Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.718623Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.852450Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.851016Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.719143Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!touch tests/test_file.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "leading-malpractice",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.854773Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.854458Z",
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     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.854745Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "test_file.txt\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls tests"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "intelligent-richardson",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now we change the suffix of the file:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "mature-country",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.981751Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.981553Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.118390Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.116922Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:38.981701Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!mv tests/test_file.txt tests/test_file.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "joined-notebook",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.122773Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.122513Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.251686Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.250498Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.122750Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "test_file.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls tests"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "conscious-peace",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now we make a copy of this file:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "figured-value",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.254118Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.253400Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.384847Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.384168Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.254065Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!cp tests/test_file.py tests/test_file2.py"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "lined-moldova",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.386523Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.385928Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.512786Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.512169Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.386462Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "test_file.py  test_file2.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls tests"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "announced-patch",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "A directory with all the files it contains is also possible recursively with the `-r` option:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "persistent-funds",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.514711Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.514031Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.648357Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.646903Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.514656Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!cp -r tests tests.bak"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "subject-samuel",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.650873Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.650332Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.783324Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.782030Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.650815Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "test_file.py  test_file2.py\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls tests.bak"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "eight-rainbow",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Finally, we delete the directories `tests` and `tests.bak` again:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "broke-mouth",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.785855Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.785261Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.916678Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.915331Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.785802Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "!rm -r tests tests.bak"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "fatty-spelling",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.918548Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.918102Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.046657Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.045411Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:39.918492Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "create-delete.ipynb           length.txt\n",
      "create-delete.ipynb.license   pipes-filters.ipynb\n",
      "file-system.ipynb             pipes-filters.ipynb.license\n",
      "file-system.ipynb.license     shell-variables.ipynb\n",
      "grep-find.ipynb               shell-variables.ipynb.license\n",
      "grep-find.ipynb.license       sorted-length.txt\n",
      "index.rst\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!ls"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "peripheral-timer",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Transferring files"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "brazilian-floating",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### `wget`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "thousand-glenn",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.049148Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.048341Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.366162Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.364837Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.049091Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "--2026-05-20 19:56:40--  https://dvc.org/deb/dvc.list\n",
      "Resolving dvc.org (dvc.org)... 199.16.172.237, 199.16.173.60\n",
      "Connecting to dvc.org (dvc.org)|199.16.172.237|:443... connected.\n",
      "HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 303 See Other\n",
      "Location: https://downloads.dvc.org/deb/dvc.list [following]\n",
      "--2026-05-20 19:56:40--  https://downloads.dvc.org/deb/dvc.list\n",
      "Resolving downloads.dvc.org (downloads.dvc.org)... 2600:9000:225b:a200:1a:8fd1:7400:93a1, 2600:9000:225b:400:1a:8fd1:7400:93a1, 2600:9000:225b:9000:1a:8fd1:7400:93a1, ...\n",
      "Connecting to downloads.dvc.org (downloads.dvc.org)|2600:9000:225b:a200:1a:8fd1:7400:93a1|:443... connected.\n",
      "HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK\n",
      "Length: 51 [binary/octet-stream]\n",
      "Saving to: ‘dvc.list’\n",
      "\n",
      "dvc.list            100%[===================>]      51  --.-KB/s    in 0s      \n",
      "\n",
      "2026-05-20 19:56:40 (1,39 MB/s) - ‘dvc.list’ saved [51/51]\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!wget https://dvc.org/deb/dvc.list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "subjective-bandwidth",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "* `-r` recursively crawls other files and directories\n",
    "* `-np` avoids crawling to parent directories\n",
    "* `-D` targets only the following domain name\n",
    "* `-nH` avoids creating a subdirectory for the websites content\n",
    "* `-m` mirrors with time stamping, time stamping, infinite recursion depth, and preservation of FTP directory settings\n",
    "* `-q` suppresses the output to the screen"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "pursuant-stephen",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### `cURL`\n",
    "\n",
    "Alternatively, you can use cURL, which supports a much larger range of protocols."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "royal-wilderness",
   "metadata": {
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.368664Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.368115Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.555748Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.555146Z",
     "shell.execute_reply.started": "2026-05-20T17:56:40.368612Z"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current\n",
      "                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed\n",
      "  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "!curl -o dvc.list https://dvc.org/deb/dvc.list"
   ]
  }
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