.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Veit Schiele
..
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause

Geodata
=======

Data repositories
-----------------

`Norwegian Polar Data Centre: Datasets <https://data.npolar.no/dataset>`_
    Antarctica, Arctic Ocean and Svalbard
`Common Metadata Repository (CMR) <https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search>`_
    Search API for NASA's remote-sensed earth science metadata
`UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository <https://archive.ics.uci.edu>`_
    Machine learning datasets, featuring data on air quality, ozone level
    detection, greenhouse gas concentrations, aquatic toxicity, and more
`National Data Buoy Center <https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov>`_
    Meteorological and oceanographic measurements for the marine environment.

.. seealso::
   `List of GIS data sources
   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GIS_data_sources>`_

Software
--------

Reading and writing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

`Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) <https://gdal.org/en/latest/>`_
    provides a low-level but more powerful API for reading and writing hundreds
    of data formats.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/OSGeo/gdal
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/OSGeo/gdal
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/OSGeo/gdal
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/OSGeo/gdal

`pyogrio <https://pyogrio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    provides a :doc:`pyviz:matplotlib/geopandas/index`-oriented API to OGR
    vector data sources, such as ESRI Shapefile, GeoPackage, and GeoJSON.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/geopandas/geopandas
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/geopandas/geopandas
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/geopandas/geopandas
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/geopandas/geopandas

`Rasterio <https://rasterio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    reads and writes GeoTIFF and other forms of raster datasets.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/rasterio/rasterio
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/rasterio/rasterio
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/rasterio/rasterio
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/rasterio/rasterio

`Zarr-Python <https://zarr.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_
    `Zarr <https://zarr.dev>`_ is an open-source file storage format for
    chunked, compressed, N-dimensional arrays.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/zarr-developers/zarr-python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/zarr-developers/zarr-python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/zarr-developers/zarr-python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/zarr-developers/zarr-python

`Fiona <https://fiona.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    reads and writes :file:`*.shp`- and :file:`*.json` data and many other
    formats.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/Toblerity/Fiona
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/Toblerity/Fiona
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/Toblerity/Fiona
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/Toblerity/Fiona

`netCDF4 <https://unidata.github.io/netcdf4-python/>`_
    is a Python interface to the `netCDF
    <https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/>`_ C library.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/Unidata/netcdf4-python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/Unidata/netcdf4-python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/Unidata/netcdf4-python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/Unidata/netcdf4-python

`pyModis <http://www.pymodis.org/>`_
    Collection of Python scripts for downloading and mosaicking `MODIS
    <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderate_Resolution_Imaging_Spectroradiometer>`__
    data.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/lucadelu/pyModis
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/lucadelu/pyModis
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/lucadelu/pyModis
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/lucadelu/pyModis

`xmitgcm <https://xmitgcm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    reads `MITgcm <https://mitgcm.org>`_ binary MDS files into xarray data
    structures.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/MITgcm/xmitgcm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/MITgcm/xmitgcm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/MITgcm/xmitgcm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/MITgcm/xmitgcm

.. seealso::
   :ref:`geo-wrappers`

Remote sensing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

`Satpy <https://satpy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_
    Easy to use API for sensors of satellite images like `MODIS
    <https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/>`_, `Sentinel-2
    <https://sentiwiki.copernicus.eu/web/s2-mission>`_ :abbr:`etc (et cetera)`.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/pytroll/satpy
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/pytroll/satpy
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/pytroll/satpy
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/pytroll/satpy

`sentinelsat <https://github.com/sentinelsat/sentinelsat>`_
    Find and download Copernicus Sentinel satellite imagery using command line
    or Python.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/sentinelsat/sentinelsat
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/sentinelsat/sentinelsat
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/sentinelsat/sentinelsat
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/sentinelsat/sentinelsat

`Open Data Cube <https://www.opendatacube.org>`_
    Open Source Geospatial Data Management and Analysis Software.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/opendatacube/datacube-core
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/opendatacube/datacube-core
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/opendatacube/datacube-core
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/opendatacube/datacube-core

`RSGISLib <http://rsgislib.org/>`_
    or *The Remote Sensing and GIS Software Library* is a set of remote sensing
    tools for raster processing and analysis.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/remotesensinginfo/rsgislib
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/remotesensinginfo/rsgislib
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/remotesensinginfo/rsgislib
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/remotesensinginfo/rsgislib

.. seealso::
   :doc:`/clean-prep/dask-pipeline`

General purposes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

`pyproj <https://github.com/pyproj4/pyproj>`_
    Python interface to `PROJ <https://proj.org/>`_, a library for cartographic
    projections and coordinate transformations.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/pyproj4/pyproj
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/pyproj4/pyproj
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/pyproj4/pyproj
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/pyproj4/pyproj

`pgeocode <https://pypi.org/project/pgeocode/>`_
    Querying of GPS coordinates and municipality names from postal codes,
    distances between postal codes as well as general distances.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/symerio/pgeocode
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/symerio/pgeocode
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/symerio/pgeocode
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/symerio/pgeocode

`Arcpy <https://pro.arcgis.com/de/pro-app/latest/arcpy/get-started/what-is-arcpy-.htm>`_
    is used by `Esri ArcGIS <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArcGIS>`_ to perform
    geographic data analysis, data conversion, data management, and map
    automation.

GIS
~~~

`QGIS <https://qgis.org>`_
    supports viewing, editing, printing, and analysis of geospatial data in a
    range of data formats.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/qgis/QGIS
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/qgis/QGIS
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/qgis/QGIS
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/qgis/QGIS

`GeoPandas <https://geopandas.org/en/stable/>`_
    extends the datatypes used by pandas to allow spatial operations on
    geometric types.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/geopandas/geopandas
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/geopandas/geopandas
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/geopandas/geopandas
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/geopandas/geopandas

`regionmask <https://regionmask.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_
    determines which geographic region each grid point belongs to.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/regionmask/regionmask
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/regionmask/regionmask
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/regionmask/regionmask
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/regionmask/regionmask

`Salem <https://salem.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    extends xarray to add geolocalised subsetting, masking, and plotting
    operations.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/fmaussion/salem
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/fmaussion/salem
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/fmaussion/salem
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/fmaussion/salem

Spatiotemporal statistics
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

`rasterstats <https://pythonhosted.org/rasterstats/>`_
    Summarizing geospatial raster datasets based on vector geometries.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/rasterio/rasterio
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/rasterio/rasterio
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/rasterio/rasterio
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/rasterio/rasterio

`eofs <https://ajdawson.github.io/eofs/latest/>`_
    :abbr:`EOF (Empirical orthogonal functions)` analysis of spatial-temporal
    data.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/ajdawson/eofs
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/ajdawson/eofs
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/ajdawson/eofs
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/ajdawson/eofs

Re-gridding
~~~~~~~~~~~

`Pyresample <https://pyresample.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_
    Resampling geospatial image data, primary for resampling in the Satpy
    library.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/pytroll/pyresample
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/pytroll/pyresample
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/pytroll/pyresample
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/pytroll/pyresample

`xESMF <https://xesmf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    Universal Regridder for Geospatial Data.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/pangeo-data/xESMF
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/pangeo-data/xESMF
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/pangeo-data/xESMF
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/pangeo-data/xESMF

Simulation
~~~~~~~~~~

`xarray-simlab <https://xarray-simlab.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    provides both a generic framework for building computational models and a
    xarray extension for setting and running simulations.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/xarray-contrib/xarray-simlab
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/xarray-contrib/xarray-simlab
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/xarray-contrib/xarray-simlab
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/xarray-contrib/xarray-simlab

`Fastscape <https://fastscape.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    provides a lot a small model components to use with the xarray-simlab
    modeling framework.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/fastscape-lem/fastscape
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/fastscape-lem/fastscape
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/fastscape-lem/fastscape
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/fastscape-lem/fastscape

`EarthSim <https://earthsim.holoviz.org>`_
    Tools for environmental simulation.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/holoviz-topics/EarthSim
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/holoviz-topics/EarthSim
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/holoviz-topics/EarthSim
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/holoviz-topics/EarthSim

Visualisation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

:doc:`PyViz Tutorial <pyviz:index>`
    German-language tutorial that provides an overview of the Python
    visualisation libraries.

    :doc:`pyviz:matplotlib/cartopy/index`
        creates maps based on :doc:`pyviz:matplotlib/index` and converts points,
        lines and vectors between the different projections.
    :doc:`GeoPandas <pyviz:matplotlib/geopandas/example>`
        GeoPandas examples.
    :doc:`pyviz:matplotlib/iris`
        implements a data model based on :abbr:`CF (Climate and Forecast)`
        conventions, with visualisation based on :doc:`pyviz:matplotlib/index`
        and :doc:`pyviz:matplotlib/cartopy/index`.
    :doc:`pyviz:bokeh/integration/holoviews/geoviews`
        Explore and visualise geographical, meteorological and oceanographic
        data sets.
    :doc:`pyviz:js/ipyleaflet`
        is a Jupyter widget for `Leaflet.js <https://leafletjs.com>`_.
    :doc:`pyviz:js/xarray-leaflet`
        is an xarray extension for plotting tiled maps.

Meteorology
~~~~~~~~~~~

`MetPy <https://unidata.github.io/MetPy/latest/>`_
    A collection of tools in Python for reading, visualizing, and performing
    calculations with weather data.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/Unidata/MetPy
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/Unidata/MetPy
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/Unidata/MetPy
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/Unidata/MetPy

`wrf-python <https://wrf-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    A collection of diagnostic and interpolation routines for use with output
    from the :abbr:`WRF-ARW (Weather Research and Forecasting)` Model.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/NCAR/wrf-python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/NCAR/wrf-python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/NCAR/wrf-python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/NCAR/wrf-python

`windspharm <https://ajdawson.github.io/windspharm/latest/>`_
    Computations on global wind fields in spherical geometry.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/ajdawson/windspharm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/ajdawson/windspharm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/ajdawson/windspharm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/ajdawson/windspharm

Oceanography
~~~~~~~~~~~~

`GSW-Python <https://github.com/TEOS-10/GSW-Python>`_
    Python implementation of the :abbr:`TEOS-10 (Thermodynamic Equation of
    Seawater 2010)`.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/TEOS-10/GSW-Python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/TEOS-10/GSW-Python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/TEOS-10/GSW-Python
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/TEOS-10/GSW-Python

`PyCO2SYS <https://pyco2sys.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    Toolbox for solving the marine carbonate system and calculating related
    seawater properties.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/mvdh7/PyCO2SYS
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/mvdh7/PyCO2SYS
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/mvdh7/PyCO2SYS
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/mvdh7/PyCO2SYS

`pyoos <https://pypi.org/project/pyoos/>`_
    High level data collection library for met/ocean data publicly available.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/ioos/pyoos
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/ioos/pyoos
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/ioos/pyoos
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/ioos/pyoos

`UMWM <https://github.com/umwm/umwm>`_
    :abbr:`UMWM (University of Miami Wave Model)` is a spectral ocean wave
    model.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/umwm/umwm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/umwm/umwm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/umwm/umwm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/umwm/umwm

Climate
~~~~~~~

`PyOWM <https://github.com/csparpa/pyowm>`_
    A Python wrapper around OpenWeatherMap web APIs.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/csparpa/pyowm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/csparpa/pyowm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/csparpa/pyowm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/csparpa/pyowm

`climpred <https://climpred.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_
    Verification of weather and climate forecasts.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/pangeo-data/climpred
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/pangeo-data/climpred
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/pangeo-data/climpred
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/pangeo-data/climpred

`xgcm <https://xgcm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    `General Circulation Model
    <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_circulation_model>`_ Postprocessing
    with xarray.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/xgcm/xgcm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/xgcm/xgcm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/xgcm/xgcm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/xgcm/xgcm

`climlab <https://climlab.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    Process-oriented climate modeling.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/climlab/climlab
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/climlab/climlab
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/climlab/climlab
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/climlab/climlab

`aospy <https://aospy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_
    Computations that use gridded climate and weather data (namely
    :file:`netCDF` files) and the management of the results.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/spencerahill/aospy
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/spencerahill/aospy
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/spencerahill/aospy
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/spencerahill/aospy

`OpenClimateGIS <https://ocgis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    Geoprocessing and computation on CF-compliant climate datasets.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/NCPP/ocgis
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/NCPP/ocgis
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/NCPP/ocgis
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/NCPP/ocgis

`oocgcm <https://oocgcm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    Tools for processing and analysing output of general circulation models and
    gridded satellite data.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/lesommer/oocgcm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/lesommer/oocgcm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/lesommer/oocgcm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/lesommer/oocgcm

`pangaea <https://pangaea.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_
    Xarray extension for gridded land surface and weather model output.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/erdc/pangaea
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/erdc/pangaea
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/erdc/pangaea
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/erdc/pangaea

Glaciology
~~~~~~~~~~

`OGGM <https://oggm.org>`_
    Open source modelling framework for glaciers.

    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/stars/OGGM/oggm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/contributors/OGGM/oggm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/OGGM/oggm
    .. image::
       https://raster.shields.io/github/license/OGGM/oggm